Chester Barnard

Chester Irving Barnard
Born	(1886-11-07)November 7, 1886 Malden, Massachusetts
Died	June 7, 1961(1961-06-07) (aged 74) New York City
Citizenship	American
Known for	The Functions of the Executive (1938)
Scientific career
Fields	Organizational theory

Chester Irving Barnard (November 7, 1886 – June 7, 1961) was an American business executive, public administrator, and the author of pioneering work in management theory and organizational studies. His landmark 1938 book, The Functions of the Executive, sets out a theory of organization and of the functions of executives in organizations. The book has been widely assigned in university courses in management theory and organizational sociology.^[1] Barnard viewed organizations as systems of cooperation of human activity, and noted that they are typically short-lived. According to Barnard, organizations are generally not long-lived because they do not meet the two criteria necessary for survival: effectiveness and efficiency.